The first confirmed sources of gem-quality ruby were found in northern Mozambique in the Niassa National Reserve in 2009 beside the existence of rubies in Montepuez, in northeast Mozambique, became widely known in 2009. The first facet-grade ruby was mined near the village of M’sawize, also located in the Niassa National Reserve, after that mozambique began to attract large crowds of miners and buyers. The material ranges from pink to dark red, and faceted stones over 10 carats are produced. However, the majority of this material would still require enhancement to solve clarity issues related to the fractures. This could be done by glass filling or flux healing. Montepuez ruby mine in Cabo Delgado province covers 33,600 hectares of one of the most significant ruby deposits in the world. Some operations began in 2012, The Montepuez mine provides more than half of the world’s supply of quality rubies, delivering over USD 100 million in tax revenue to the government, and over 1% of revenue allocated to establishing community and conservation projects. The rubies found in Mozambique are one of the highest qualities in the world due to the red hue and high transparency.

In the four following provinces: Gaza, Manica, Tete, and Niassa diamond reserve can be found. They have commercial grade diamond which makes up a strong percentage of the diamond market. The most common use of diamond nowadays is as a gemstone. However, diamond can also be used as an industrial abrasive for cutting hard materials.To prevent the illegal sale of precious and semi-precious stones, the Mozambican government has set up warehouses in Maputo and Nampula and will encourage miners to license their activity and certify the stones. Mozambique is taking a step towards compliance with the so-called Kimberley Process, an international mechanism that defines the guidelines for the sale of precious stones in order to prevent the entry into the trade of so-called “blood diamonds” mined in war zones. Based on a favourable geological setting and isolated panning finds of diamonds along the Limpopo River, potential exists for alluvial and alluvial deposits, from the cratons in South Africa and Zimbabwe, along the Libombo mountains in Maputo province and along the length of the Limpopo River Basin in Gaza province particularly near the border with Zimbabwe and South Africa.

Mozambique has the highest untapped coal deposits. They have high quality coking coal and thermal coal. The coking coal can be used to make steel and any other metals that are used in building, tools, surgical tools and implants. Mozambique’s total proven coal reserves at the end of 2016 were 25.6 billion.t. The reserve ranks nine out of the 49 active producer countries of the world currently listed and is predicted to contain enough coal for a further 200 years of mining given the most optimistic forecasts of growth in the country’s coal industry. The total coal production was 6.6 million t in a year, of which 4.8 million.t (72.9%) was exported. That production was 4.2% up over the previous year. It is impossible to reasonably compare production before then as the industry was in the initial stages of development. Significant growth is expected with the coming into operation of Nacala which will initially handle 11 million tpy of coal, increasing to 18 million tpy, then 22 million tpy. production of 23.3 million t of coal over the year has been reported, which would indicate a year on year growth rate of 250%, with the reports also claiming production over 27.2 million.t. This suggests a growth rate of 16.7%.

Mozambique has high-quality iron ore which is used in making steel and some of the powdered iron is used for different purposes like magnets, auto parts and the radioactive iron (iron 59) is used for medicine as a tracer element. Important project is the “Tete Steel Project, which has the ambitious target to establish Mozambique’s steel industry, using the 100 m thick magmatic vanadiferous titano-magnetite ore resources of the Tenge/Ruoni with an iron grade of 36%. Steel production will be operative close to the open pit mine and use Vale’s coking coal and local limestone for the steel production. In addition, an industrial free zone has been established in the area, attracting industries linked to steel production like re-rolling mills producing specialty steel products, rail production, ferro-vanadium refinery, prefabricated reinforced concrete sections, hydro-electric coal power plants, clinker and cement production, pigment/paint production utilising titanium by-product, vanadium battery production etc., around 60 million USD had already been invested

Mozambique is known to having the largest high-quality graphite deposit in the world which is around 20-40% of the total global reserves. Most of it is found in Cabo Delgado Province. It’s used in pencils and lubricants. It is also a high conductor of heat and electricity which makes it useful for electronic products. It can be used for making jewelry as well. The Balama graphite operation in Mozambique is a globally significant natural graphite resource. Balama's 50+ year mine life, and high reserve grade (16% total graphitic carbon) will enable participation in the long term growth of the electric vehicle industry. The mine was in operation since 1994 and it had a capacity of 10 000 tpa of high grade flake graphite concentrate (more than 98% carbon). Development of the mine was based on 24 Mt of ore reserves with 3 to 11% graphite, identified during the pre-1995 exploration. At present it is under care and maintenance. The high energy costs (diesel generated) and tightened price competition in the world market were major reasons for the standstill. In addition to several other occurrences in Cabo Delgado, graphite occurs in Angónia, Tete Province, in biotite-amphibole gneisses, granulites and anorthosites.